Division of bedrock geology and collections
Nimetus
Bedrock geology research group
TalTech priority area
Research classification (Frascati)
Head of the research group
Research group member
Doctoral students
Keyword
bedrock
geology of Estonia
sedimentary rocks
paleozoic geology
paleontology
paleoenvironment
paleoclimate
stratigraphy
sedimentology
Paleozoic
Baltoscandia
Ordovician
Silurian
paleobiodiversity
mass extinction
ice age
microfossils
fossils
geological collections
geological databases
e-services
Overview
Bedrock geology, including paleontology and stratigraphy, have been among the key research areas of the Department of Geology since the 1950s.The main research topics of the group are related to deciphering Earth’s history through the latest Proterozoic and early Paleozoic times, ca 400–600 million years ago. The group is interested in better understanding the interactions between geo- and biosphere processes, in particular, addressing the following: paleobiodiversity dynamics and its relationships with climate and environmental changes; paleobiology and evolution of various groups of organisms during early Paleozoic; global paleobiogeographic patterns and the role of the Baltic faunal province; paleoclimate perturbations using multiple proxy indicators (such as conodont apatite); changes in carbon, oxygen and sulfur stable isotope composition, reflecting of atmosphere and hydrosphere in deep time.The group holds leading paleontological competence in Estonia, and for some fossil groups, leading expertise worldwide (notably for conodonts, chitinozoans and scolecodonts). The main applications are related to the highresolution biostratigraphy of Early Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Most higher-impact studies are based on material from the Baltoscandian bedrocks, renowned by little alteration and good preservation primary Paleozoic environmental signatures. The group makes also excessive use of the geological and paleontological collections deposited at the department. These are the largest in Estonia and curated at a high international level
Important results
Hints, O.; Ainsaar, L.; Lepland, A.; Liiv, M.; Männik, P.; Meidla, T.; Nõlvak, J.; Radzevičius, S. (2023). Paired carbon isotope chemostratigraphy across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary in central East Baltic: Regional and global signatures. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 111640. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111640.
Hints, O.; Toom, U. (2023). ISOS-14 Field Guide: The Ordovician of Estonia. Tallinn: TalTech Department of Geology.
Related projects
Related department
Publications related to the research group
- Ausich, W.I., Wilson, M.A., Toom, U. Early Silurian recovery of Baltica crinoids following the end-Ordovician extinctions (Llandovery, Estonia) // Journal of paleontology (2020) vol. 94, 3, p. 521-530 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2019.89 - Liang, Y., Hints, O., Tang, P., Nõlvak, J. et al. Fossilized reproductive modes reveal a protistan affinity of Chitinozoa // Geology (2020) vol. 48, 12, p. 1200-1204.
https://doi.org/10.1130/G47865.1 - Yan, G., Lehnert, O., Männik, P., Calner, M., Luan, X., Gong, F., Li, L., Wei, X., Wang, G., Zhan, R., Wua, R. The record of early Silurian climate changes from South China and Baltica based on integrated conodont biostratigraphy and isotope chemostratigraphy // Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology (2022) vol. 606, art. 111245, 16 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111245 - Nõlvak, J., Liang, Y., Hints, O. Early and early Middle Ordovician chitinozoans from the Baldone drill core, central Latvia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2022) vol. 71, 1, p. 25-43 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2022.03 - Liang, Y., Nõlvak, J., Xu, H., Chen, Y., Hints, O. Revision of Ordovician chitinozoan Lagenochitina esthonica sensu lato : morphometrics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography // Journal of paleontology (2022) vol. 96, 1, p. 46-60.
https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.79 - Hagen-Peter, G., Wang, Y., Hints, O., Prave, A. R., Lepland, A. Late diagenetic evolution of Ordovician limestones in the Baltoscandian basin revealed through trace-element mapping and in situ U–Pb dating of calcite // Chemical geology (2021) vol. 585, art. 120563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120563 - Männik, P., Lehnert, O., Nõlvak, J., Joachimski, M. M. Climate changes in the pre-Hirnantian late Ordovician based on δ18Ophos studies from Estonia // Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology (2021) vol. 569, p. 110347, 16 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110347 - Richardson, J. A., Lepland, A., Hints, O., Prave, A. R., Gilhooly III, W. P., Bradley, A. S., Fike, D. A. Effects of early marine diagenesis and site-specific depositional controls on carbonate-associated sulfate: Insights from paired S and O isotopic analyses // Chemical geology (2021) vol. 584, art. 120525.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120525 - Sorci, A., Cirilli, S., Clayton, G., Corrado, S., Hints, O., Goodhue, R., Schito, A., Spina, A. Palynomorph optical analyses for thermal maturity assessment of upper ordovician (Katian-Hirnantian) rocks from Southern Estonia // Marine and Petroleum Geology (2020) Vol. 120, art. 104574.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104574 - Mänd, K., Lalonde, S.V., Robbins, L.J., Paiste, P., Lepland, A. et al. Palaeoproterozoic oxygenated oceans following the Lomagundi–Jatuli Event // Nature geoscience (2020) vol. 13, 4, p. 302-306.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0558-5 - Young, S.A., Benayoun, E., Kozik, N.P., Hints, O., Martma, T., Bergström, S.M., Owens, J.D. Marine redox variability from Baltica during extinction events in the latest Ordovician–early Silurian // Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2020) vol. 554, art. 109792.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109792 - Chen, D., Blom, H., Sanchez, S., Märss, T. et al. The developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes in the most primitive bony fish Lophosteus // eLife (2020) vol. 9, art. e60985, 20 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60985.sa2 - Fryda, J., Lehnert, O., Joachimski, M. M., Männik, P., Kubajko, M., Mergl, M., Farkaš, J., Frydova. B. The Mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) Glaciation : a link with global changes in ocean chemistry and ecosystem overturns // Earth-Science Reviews (2021) vol. 220, art. 103652.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103652 - Kipp, M.A., Lepland, A., Buick, R. Redox fluctuations, trace metal enrichment and phosphogenesis in the ~2.0 Ga Zaonega Formation // Precambrian Research (2020) Vol. 343, Art. 105716.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105716 - Schier, K., Himmler, T., Lepland, A., Kraemer, D., Schoenenberger, J., Bau, M. Insights into the REY inventory of seep carbonates from the Northern Norwegian margin using geochemical screening // Chemical geology (2021) vol. 559, art. 119857, 15 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2020.119857 - Kreitsmann, T., Lepland, A., Bau, M., Martma, T. et al. Oxygenated conditions in the aftermath of the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event: The carbon isotope and rare earth element signatures of the Paleoproterozoic Zaonega Formation, Russia // Precambrian research (2020) vol. 347, art. 105855, 16 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105855 - Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M.A., Toom, U. Symbiosis of cornulitids with the cystoporate bryozoan Fistulipora in the Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia // Lethaia (2021) vol. 54, p. 90-95 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12385 - Liang, Y., Wang, G., Servais, T., Nõlvak, J. Hints, O. et al. Age constraints of the Hungshihyen Formation (Early to Middle Ordovician) on the western margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China : new insights from chitinozoans // Palaeoworld (2020) vol. 29, 1, p. 66-74 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.05.008 - Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M.A., Toom, U. Symbiosis of rugose corals with the cystoporate bryozoan fistulipora przhidolensis in the pridoli (Latest Silurian) of Saaremaa, Estonia // Palaios (2020) Vol. 35, Issue 6, p. 237 - 244.
https://doi.org/10.2110/PALO.2020.019 - Toom, U., Vinn, O., Isakar, M., Madison, A., Hints, O. Small faecal pellets in Ordovician shelly fossils from Estonia, Baltoscandia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2020) vol. 69, 1, p. 1-19 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2020.01 - Bowman, C. N., Them II, T. R., Knight, M. D., Kaljo, D., Eriksson, M. E., Hints, O., Martma, T., Owens, J. D., Young, S. A. A multi-proxy approach to constrain reducing conditions in the Baltic Basin during the late Silurian Lau carbon isotope excursion // Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology (2021) vol. 581, art. 110624.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110624 - Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. Intergrowth of bryozoans with other invertebrates in the Late Pridoli of Saaremaa, Estonia // Annales societatis geologorum Poloniae (2021) vol. 91, 2, p. 101-111.
https://doi.org/10.14241/asgp.2021.04 - Jarochowska, E., Bremer, O., Yiu, A., Märss, T., Blom, H., Mörs, T., Vajda, V. Revision of thelodonts, acanthodians, conodonts, and the depositional environments in the Burgen outlier (Ludlow, Silurian) of Gotland, Sweden // GFF (2021) vol. 143, 2-3, p. 168-189 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1907441 - Balthasar, U., Jin, J., Hints, L., Cusack, M. Brachiopod shell thickness links environment and evolution // Palaeontology (2020) vol. 63, 1, p. 171-183 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12450 - Amon, L., Blaus, A., Alliksaar, T., Heinsalu, A., Lapshina, E., Liiv, M., Reitalu, T., Vassiljev, J., Veski, S. Postglacial flooding and vegetation history on the Ob River terrace, central Western Siberia based on the palaeoecological record from Lake Svetlenkoye // The Holocene (2020) vol. 30, 5, p. 618–631.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619895582 - Chen, Z-Y., Männik, P., Wang, C-Y. et al. Silurian conodont biostratigraphy of the Laojianshan section, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, SW China // Geological journal (2020) vol. 55, 9, p. 6427−6441.
https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3813 - Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M.A., Toom, U. Symbiosis in trepostome bryozoans from the Sandbian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia // Historical Biology : An International Journal of Paleobiology (2022) vol. 34, 6, p. 1029-1038 : ill., map.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1959579 - Vinn, O., Holmer, L. E., Wilson, M. A., Isakar, M., Toom, U. Possible drill holes and pseudoborings in obolid shells from the Cambrian/Ordovician boundary beds of Estonia and the uppermost Cambrian of NW Russia // Historical Biology : An International Journal of Paleobiology (2021) vol. 33, 12, p. 3579-3584.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2021.1878355 - Bremer, O., Jarochowska, E., Märss, T. Vertebrate remains and conodonts in the upper Silurian Hamra and Sundre formations of Gotland, Sweden // GFF (2020) vol. 142, 1, p. 52-80 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2019.1655790 - Hints, R., Pajusaar, S., Urtson, K., Liiv, M., Kallaste, T. Metal enrichment in lithologically complex black shales : a case study from the Tremadocian of NE Estonia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2021) vol. 70, 1, p. 36–50 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.04 https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2021-36-50_20210128130612.pdf - Penny, A. M., Hints, O., Kröger, B. Carbonate shelf development and early Paleozoic benthic diversity in Baltica : a hierarchical diversity partitioning approach using brachiopod data // Paleobiology (2022) vol. 48, 1, p. 44-64.
https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2021.3 - Bremer, O., Qu, Q., Sanchez, S., Märss, T., Fernandez, V., Blom, H. The emergence of a complex pore-canal system in the dermal skeleton of Tremataspis (Osteostraci) // Journal of Morphology (2021) vol. 282, 2, p. 1141-1157.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21359 - Chen, Z., Männik, P., Fan, J. et al. Age of the silurian lower red beds in South China : stratigraphical evidence from the sanbaiti section // Journal of earth science (2021) vol. 32, 3, p. 524–533 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-020-1350-6 - Jeon, J., Vinn, O., Liang, K., Zapalski, M.K., Toom, U., Kershaw, S. Stromatoporoid-coral/tubeworm intergrowths in the lowermost Silurian Varbola Formation of Estonia: first evidence of competitive interaction // Lethaia (2022) vol. 54, 2, p. 1-13 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.18261/let.55.2.4 - Vinn, O., Ernst, A., Wilson, M.A., Toom, U. Borings and bioclaustrations in bryozoans from the Kunda Regional Stage (Darriwilian; Middle Ordovician) of northern Estonia and NW Russia // Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen (2022) vol. 303, 2, p. 219-225 : map.
https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2022/1044 - Vinn, O., Wilson, M.A., Holmer, L.E., Ernst, A., Tinn, O., Toom, U. Diverse endobiotic symbiont fauna from the late Katian(Late Ordovician) of Estonia // Palaeontologia Electronica (2022) vol. 25, 3, art. a31, 13 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.26879/1232 - Wudarska, A., Słaby, E., Wiedenbeck, M., Birski, Ł., Wirth, R., Götze, J., Lepland, A., Kusebauch, C., Kocjan, I. Chlorine isotope composition of apatite from the >3.7 Ga isua supracrustal belt, SW Greenland // Minerals (2020) Vol. 10, Issue 1, Art. 27.
https://doi.org/10.3390/min10010027 - Zatoń, M., Vinn, O., Toom, U., Słowiński, J. New encrusting tentaculitoids from the Silurian of Estonia and taxonomic status of Anticalyptraea Quenstedt, 1867 // GFF (2022) vol. 144, 2, p. 111-117 : ill., map.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2022.2042378 - Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Isakar, M., Toom, U. Symbiotic worms in the inner aragonitic layer of Leptodesma (Bivalvia) from the Přídolí (Upper Silurian) of Saaremaa Island, Estonia // PalZ (2021) vol. 95, 2, p. 231–236.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-021-00554-x - Chen, Z.-Y., Männik, P., Wang, X. et al. First documentation of Llandovery (Silurian) conodont genus Astropentagnathus in China (Langao, Shaanxi Province) and the age of Baiyaya Formation // Palaeoworld (2020) vol. 29, 4, p. 662-671.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2019.11.002 - Paiste, T., Männik, P., Nõlvak, J., Meidla, T. The lower boundary of the Haljala Regional Stage (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) in Estonia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2020) vol. 69, 2, p. 76–90 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2020.05 - Makled, W.A., Hints, O., Hosny, A.M. et al. Exotic Devonian palynomorphs from the Sifa-1X well in the Western Desert, Egypt // Palynology (2021) vol. 45, 2, p. 363-380 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2020.1829726 - Vinn, O., Toom, U. New cornulitid from the Ohesaare Formation (late Přidoli) of Saaremaa, Estonia // Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen (2020) vol. 298, 1, p. 67-73.
https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0934 - Hints, L., Pärnaste, H., Männik, P., Reich, M., Rozhnov, S. Development of faunal diversity during the late Llandovery-early Wenlockin the easternmost part of the Baltic Palaeobasin - implications for the Ireviken Event // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2022) vol. 71, 2, p. 89-110 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2022.07 - Wang, W., Liang, Y., Lyu, Q., Hints, O., Nõlvak, J. et al. Chitinozoans with “skirt”: Ultrastructure and palaeoecological implications of carina in Cyathochitina Eisenack, 1955 // Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology (2021) vol. 570, art. 110348, 16 p.: ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110348 - Zapalski, M. K., Vinn, O., Toom, U., Ernst, A., Wilson, M. A. Bryozoan-cnidarian mutualism triggered a new strategy for greater resource exploitation as early as the Late Silurian // Scientific reports (2022) vol. 12, 1, art. 15556 ; 9 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19955-2 - Vinn, O., Wislon, M.A., Isakar, M., Toom, U. New bioclaustration of a symbiont in the mantle cavity of Clitambonites schmidti (Brachiopoda) from the Sandbian (Upper Ordovician) of Estonia // Palaios (2022) vol. 37, 9, p. 520−524.
https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2021.067 - Chen, Z.-Y., Männik, P., Tang, P. et al. Age of the Silurian Wuxiahe Formation in Langao, Northwest China : New conodont data // Palaeoworld (2021) vol. 30, 4, p. 649-658 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2020.12.004 - Burrow, C. J., Märss, T. Neotypes for some upper Silurian acanthodian taxa from the Baltic Sea Region and the Welsh Borderland // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2022) vol. 71, 1, p. 17-24.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2022.02 - Paiste, T., Männik, P., Meidla, T. Sandbian (Late Ordovician) conodonts in Estonia : distribution and biostratigraphy // GFF (2022) vol. 144, 1, p. 9-23 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.2020333 - Paul, C. P. C., Toom, U. The diploporite blastozoan Glyptosphaerites (Echinodermata: Blastozoa) and the origin of diplopores // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2021) vol. 70, 4, p. 224-239 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.15 - Hints, O., Nõlvak, J., Ling, Y. Possible metazoan egg fossils from the Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) of Baltoscandia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2021) vol. 70, 4, p. 240-252 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.16 - Vinn, O., Wilson, M.A., Madison, A., Toom, U. Small cornulitids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of Estonia // Palaeoworld (2023) ?, 8 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2022.12.005 - Vinn, O., Wilson, M.A., Madison, A., Kazantseva, E., Toom, U. First symbiotic association between hederelloids and rugose corals (latest Silurian of Saaremaa, Estonia) // Palaios (2022) vol. 37, 3, p. 368−373 : ill., map.
https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2022.005 - Paul, C. P. C., Toom, U. Cystoblastus and the origin of the Hemicosmitoida (Echinodermata: Blastozoa) // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2021) vol. 70, 3, p. 165-181 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.13 - Thomka, J.R., Vinn, O., Toom, U. Site-selectivity of symbiotic (parasitic?) pits in crinoid column material from the middle Silurian (Wenlock: Sheinwoodian) of western Estonia // Ichnos : an international journal for plant and animal traces (2022) vol. 29, 2, p. 71-75 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2022.2047038 - Gubanov, A. P.; Ebbestad, J. O. R.; Mannik, P.; Bogolepova, O. K. New data on the problematic mollusc Jinonicella from the early Silurian of east Siberia // GFF (2020) vol. 142, 2, p. 147-153 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2019.1708451 - Hints, O. The Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences turns 70 : editorial // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2021) vol. 70, 1, p. 1-2.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2021.06 https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-1-2021-1-2_20210222103208.pdf - Märss, T., Wilson, M. V. H., Viljus, M. Endolymphatic structures in headshields of the osteostracan genus Tremataspis (Agnatha) from the Silurian of Estonia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2022) vol. 71, 3, p. 135-156 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2022.10 - Du, M., Nõlvak, J., Tan, J., Gao, S., Wang, W. Melanosclerites from the Late Ordovician to earliest Silurian of Estonia and their palaeogeographical implications // Palynology (2022) vol. 46, 3, art. 2012538, 16 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2021.2012538 - Tonarová, P., Vodrážková, S., Hints, O., Männik, P., Kubajko, M., Frýda, J. Llandovery microfossils and microfacies of the Hýskov section, Prague Basin // Fossil Imprint (2019) vol. 75, 1, p. 25–43 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.2478/if-2019-0002 - Tinn, O., Lang, L., Märss, T., Vahur, S. Kirsimäe, K. A demineralized osteostracan fossil from the Silurian Kalana Lagerstätte of Estonia : revealing its internal anatomy and uncovering a unique type of fossilization // Lethaia (2022) vol. 55, 1, 13 p. : ill.
https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12452 - Kirsimäe, K., Hints, O., Meidla, T. Two hundred years of geology education in Estonia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2020) vol. 69, 4, p. 175-176.
https://kirj.ee/wp-content/plugins/kirj/pub/earth-4-2020-175-176_20201116140304.pdf http://www.ester.ee/record=b2246661*est - Kröger, B., Vinn, O., Toom, U., Corfe, I.J., Kuva, J., Zatoń, M. On the enigma of Palaenigma wrangeli (Schmidt), a conulariid with a partly non-mineralized skeleton // PeerJ (2021) Vol. 9, Art. e12374.
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12374 - Kaljo, D., Martma, T., Märss, T., Nestor, V-K., Viira, V. A bio- and chemostratigraphic search for the Mid-Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion interval in the Ludlow of the Ohesaare core, Estonia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2022) vol. 71, 1, p. 44-60 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2022.04 - Frey, M., Ebbing, J., Lepland, A. 3D modelling of the Onega Basin, northwestern Russia, from gravity and magnetic data and borehole information // Norwegian journal of geology (2018) vol. 98, 4, 12 p. : ill.
https://dx.doi.org/10.17850/njg98-4-03 - Hints, O. Towards a better understanding of the Palaeozoic world // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2018) vol. 67, 4, p. 226-227 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2018.22 http://www.ester.ee/record=b2246661*est http://www.kirj.ee/public/Estonian_Journal_of_Earth_Sciences/2018/issue_4/earth-2018-4-226-227.pdf - Hints, L. The Ordovician brachiopod genus Cyrtonotella: taxonomy and distribution in the Baltic Basin // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2019) vol. 68, 3, p. 147–159 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2019.10 https://www.ester.ee/record=b2246661*est - Märss, T., Ivanov, A. On the erroneous identification of a turiniid thelodont in the Middle/Upper Devonian boundary beds of the Middle Urals // Acta Geologica Polonica (2018) vol. 68, 3, p. 455.
https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/26057 - Mark-Kurik, E., Newman, M.J., Toom, U., den Blaauwen, J.L. A new species of the antiarch Microbrachius from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) of Belarus // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2018) vol. 67, 1, p. 3-13 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2017.22 http://www.ester.ee/record=b2246661*est - Vinn, O., Wilson, M. A., Toom, U. A crustoid graptolite lithoimmured inside a Middle Ordovician nautiloid conch from Northern Estonia // Annales societatis geologorum Poloniae (2019) vol. 89, 3, p. 285-290 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.14241/asgp.2019.17 - Vinn, O., Toom, U. First description of rare Teichichnus burrows from carbonate rocks of the Lower Paleozoic of Estonia // Carnets de geologie (2018) vol. 18, 13, p. 305-312 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/68550 - Stivrinš, N., Liiv, M., Ozola, I., Reitalu, T. Carbon accumulation rate in a raised bog in Latvia, NE Europe, in relation to climate warming // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2018) vol. 67, 4, p. 247–258 : ill.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2018.20 http://www.ester.ee/record=b2246661*est http://www.kirj.ee/public/Estonian_Journal_of_Earth_Sciences/2018/issue_4/earth-2018-4-247-258.pdf - Märss, T. Silurian cyathaspidid heterostracans of Northern Eurasia // Estonian journal of earth sciences (2019) vol. 68, 3, p. 113–146 : ill.
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